RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXIC LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL SILENCE: THE ROLE OF TRUST IN THE ORGANISATION
Abstract views: 69 / PDF downloads: 34
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14584473Keywords:
Toksik liderlik, örgütsel sessizlik, örgütsel güvenAbstract
It has been revealed in leadership studies that leaders play an important role in the success of organisations. However, the studies mostly address and examine the bright side of leadership. It is seen that the number of studies on leadership styles that contain negativities in terms of organisational results and employees is quite low. Accordingly, this study was conducted to examine the effect of toxic leadership, which is expressed as the dark side of leadership, on organisational silence and the role of trust in this effect. In this direction, a survey-based research was conducted on Syrian nationals in Hatay province. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed for the study and 354 questionnaires were returned. Data were collected according to simple random sampling method. As a result of the research, it was determined that toxic leadership positively affects organisational silence and negatively affects organisational trust. In addition, it was determined that trust in the organisation has a mediating role in the effect of toxic leadership on organisational silence. The results obtained in the study were compared with the studies in the literature and similar and different aspects were evaluated. The research brings a different perspective to the field of leadership in terms of examining the dark side of leadership.
References
Abdillah, M., Anita, R., Nofianti, L., & Zakaria, N. (2018). Organizational trust and organizational silence: The factors predicting organizational commitment. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 126-131.
Adeoye, S., Egbuta, O., & Ayeni, D. (2020). oxic Leadership and Organisational Silence: An Appraisal of Selected Faith-Based Organisations in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Resources Development and Management. An International Peer-Reviewed Journal, 67, 37-47.
Alilyyani, B., Kerr, M., Wong, C., & Wazqar, D. (2022). An integrative review of nursing leadership in Saudi Arabia. Nursing Open, 9(1), 140-155.
Alper, M. (2018). Whistleblowing ile örgütsel sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiye örgüt kültürünün etkisi ve bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Altınöz, M., Başpınar, N., & Şen, O. (2020). Örgütsel sessizlik ve toplantılara yansıması üzerine bir araştırma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 785-804.
Appelbaum, S., & Roy‐Girard, D. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: Affect on organizations and employees. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(1), 17-28.
Appelbaum, S., & Roy‐Girard, D. (2007). Toxins in the workplace: Affect on organizations and employees. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(1), 17-28.
Arı, G. (2003). Yöneticiye duyulan güven örgütsel bağlılığı artırır mı? Gazi Üniversitesi Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 17-36.
Ballı, E. (2016). Otel İşletmelerinde Karanlık Liderliğin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Sessizlik Üzerine Etkisi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(3), 167-180.
Baltaş, A. (2000). Ekip Çalışması ve Liderlik (1 b.). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
Binikos, E. (2008). Sounds of silence: Organisational trust and decisions to blow the whistle. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34(3), 48-59.
Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417.
Brouwers, M., & Paltu, A. (2020). Toxic leadership: Effects on job satisfaction, commitment, turnover intention and organisational culture within the South African manufacturing industry. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(1), 1-18.
Buckley, P., Clegg, J., & Wang, C. (2002). The impact of inward FDI on the performance of Chinese manufacturing firms. Journal of international business studies, 33, 637-655.
Burns , J. (2017). A Descriptive Literature Review of Harmful Leadership Styles: Definitions, Commonalities, Measurements, Negative Impacts, and Ways to Improve These Harmful Leadership Styles. Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership, 3(1), 33-52.
Cao, W., Li, P., van der Wa, R., & Taris, T. (2023). Leadership and workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 186(2), 347-367.
Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2019). Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 365-387.
Çiftçi, E. (2015). Örgütsel Sessizlik, İşe Yabancılaşma ve Örgütsel Güven İlişkisi. Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kırıkkale.
Dedahanov, A., & Rhee, j. (2015). Examining the relationships among trust, silence and organizational commitment. Management Decision, 53(8), 1843-1857.
Dyck, D. (2001). The toxic workplace. Benefits Canada, 25(3), 52-57.
Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of management studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
Eğinli, A., & Bitirim, S. (2008). Kurumsal başarının önündeki engel: Zehirli (toksik) iletişim. Selçuk İletişim, 5(3), 124-140.
Enwereuzor, I., Ugwu, L., & Eze, O. (2018). How transformational leadership influences work engagement among nurses: does person–job fit matter? Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40(3), 346-366.
Erdal, N., & Budak, O. (2021). The mediating role of organizational trust in the effect of toxic leadership on job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(3), 2147-2178.
Eroğlu, A., Adıgüzel, O., & Öztürk, A. (2011). Sessizlik Girdabi Ve Bağlilik İkilemi: İşgören Sessizliği İle Örgütsel Bağlilik İlişkisi ve Bir Araştirma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 97-124.
Farghaly Abdelaliem, S., & Abou Zeid, M. (2023). The relationship between toxic leadership and organizational performance: the mediating effect of nurses’ silence. BMC nursing, 22(1), 4.
Fuentes, M. Mar, Carlos A. Albacete-Saez-F. Javier Llorens-Montes (2004), The Impact Of Environmental Characteristics On TQM Principles and Organizational Performance, The International Journal Of Management Science,32,425-442.
Gallus, J., Walsh, B., van Drie, M., Gouge, M., & Antolic, E. (2013). Intolerable cruelty: A multilevel examination of the impact of toxic leadership on US military units and service members. Military Psychology, 25(6), 588-601.
Goldman, A. (2006). High toxicity leadership: Borderline personality disorder and the dysfunctional organization. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(8), 733-746.
Gül, H., & Özcan, N. (2011). Mobbing ve örgütsel sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiler: Karaman il özel idaresinde görgül bir çalışma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 107-134.
Hattab, S., Wirawan, H., Salam, R., Daswati, D., & Niswaty, R. (2022). The effect of toxic leadership on turnover intention and counterproductive work behaviour in Indonesia public organisations. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(3), 317-333.
Hayes, A. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling.
Hirschman, A. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Harvard university press.
Hoy, W., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2007). The conceptualization and measurement of faculty trust in schools. Essential ideas for the reform of American schools, 87-114.
Huff, L., & Kelley, L. (2003). Levels of organizational trust in individualist versus collectivist societies: A seven-nation study. Organization science, 14(1), 81-90.
Hult, M., Terkamo‐Moisio, A., Kaakinen, P., Karki, S., Nurmeksela, A., Palonen, M., & Häggman‐Laitila, A. (2023). Relationships between nursing leadership and organizational, staff and patient outcomes: A systematic review of reviews. Nursing open, 10(9), 590-5936.
Indradevi, R. (2016). Toxic leadership over the years–a review. PURUSHARTHA-A journal of Management, Ethics And Spirituality, 9(1), 106-110.
Kaur, J. (2014). Does Organızatıonal Trust Affect Employee Sılence? Global Informatıon And Busıness Strategıes,, 110.
Khaled Abd El-Aziz Zaki, A., & Samir Abd El-Aziz Elsaiad, H. (2021). Toxic Leadership and its Relation to Nurses' Absenteeism and Their Deviant Behaviors. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(4), 1304-1322.
Kirbaç, M. (2013). Eğitim örgütlerinde toksik liderlik. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Malatya).
Kusy , M., & Holloway , E. (2009). Toxic workplace. San Francisco: CA: Jossey Bass.
Labrague, L., & Obeidat, A. (2022). Transformational leadership as a mediator between work–family conflict, nurse‐reported patient safety outcomes, and job engagement. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 54(4), 493-500.
Laschinger, H., & Finegan, J. (2005). Using empowerment to build trust and respect in the workplace: A strategy for addressing the nursing shortage. Nursing economics, 23(1), 6.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). The allure of toxic leaders: Why followers rarely escape their clutches. Ivey Business Journal, 69(3), 1-40.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). The allure of toxic leaders: Why followers rarely escape their clutches. Ivey Business Journal, 69(3), 1-40.
Mayer, R., Davis, J., & Schoorman , F. (1995). Integration Model Of Organizational Trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
Milliken, F., Morrison, E., & Hewlin, P. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of management studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.
Mishra, J., & Morrissey, M. (1990). Trust in employee/employer relationships: A survey of West Michigan managers. Public personnel management, 19(4), 443-486.
Morrison, E., & Milliken, F. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management review, 25(4), 706-725.
Nartgün, Ş., & Kartal, V. (2013). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm ve örgütsel sessizlik hakkındaki görüşleri. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 2(2), 47-67.
Nyhan, R. C., & Marlowe Jr, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635.
Padilla, A., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. (2007). The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. The leadership quarterly, 18(3), 176-194.
Padilla, A., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. (2007). The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. The leadership quarterly, 18(3), 176-194.
Pinder, C., & Harlos, H. (2001). Employee Silence: Quiescense and Acquiescence as Responses to Perceived Injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, 20, 334-350.
Pinder, C., & Harlos, K. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived ınjustice. esearch in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-370.
Reed, G. (2004). Toxic leadership. Military review, 84(4), 67-71.
Saleem, F., Malik, M., & Malik, M. (2021). Toxic leadership and safety performance: Does organizational commitment act as stress moderator?. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 196-246.
Schmid, A. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale. Master of Science, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
Schmidt, A. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale. College Park: University of Maryland.
Simha, A., Elloy, D., & Huang, H. (2014). The moderated relationship between job burnout and organizational cynicism. Management decision, 52(3), 482-504.
Singh, B., & Malhotra, M. (2015). The mediating role of trust in the relationship between perceived organizational support and silence. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(9), 1-10.
Schmidt, A. A. (2008). Development and validation of the toxic leadership scale. University of Maryland, College Park.
Song, B., Qian, J., Wang, B., Yang, M., & Zhai, A. (2017). Are you hiding from your boss? Leader's destructive personality and employee silence. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(7), 1167-1174.
Taşkıran, E. (2010). Liderlik tarzının örgütsel sessizlik üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel adaletin rolü ve bir araştırma. (Doctoral dissertation, Marmara Universitesi (Turkey)).
Tokgöz, E., & Seymen, O. (2013). Örgütsel güven, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel vatandaşlik davranişi arasindaki ilişki: Bir devlet hastanesinde araştirma. Öneri Dergisi, 10(39), 61-76.
Tülübaş, T., & Celep, C. (2014). Öğretim elemanlarının sessiz kalma nedenleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 280-297.
Uymaz, A. (2013). Yikici Lİderlik Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalişmasi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 24(75), 37-57.
Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation. Employee relations, 27(5), 441-458.
Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation. Employee relations, 27(5), 441-458.
Walton, M. (2007). Leadership toxicity–an inevitable affliction of organisations. Organisations and People, 14(1), 19-27.
Webster, V., Brough, P., & Daly, K. (2016). Fight, flight or freeze: Common responses for follower coping with toxic leadership. Stress and Health, 32(4), 346-3554.
Whicker, M. (1996). Toxic leaders: When organizations go bad.
Williams, K. (2018). Toxic leadership in defense and federal workplaces: sabotaging the mission and innovation. International Journal of Public Leadership, 14(3), 179-198.
Wilson-Starks, K. (2003). Toxic leadership. Transleadership.
Xu, A., Loi, R., & Lam, L. (2015). The bad boss takes it all: How abusive supervision and leader–member exchange interact to influence employee silence. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763-774.
Yıldırım, İ., Akan, D., & Yalçın, S. (2019). Participation in decision-making process as a predictor of organizational cynicism at schools. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 8(2), 487-506.
Zaman, U., Florez-Perez, L., Anjam, M., Ghani Khwaja, M., & Ul-Huda, N. (2023). At the end of the world, turn left: examining toxic leadership, team silence and success in mega construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(6), 2436-2462.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Turkish Management Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.